Add an AGENTS.md file

.gitignore

@@ -106,3 +106,4 @@ docs/api/
 latest
 history.txt
 .history
+.claude/

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+This file provides guidance to coding agents collaborating on this repository.
+
+## Mission
+
+Element 0 is a small, embeddable Lisp dialect inspired by Scheme, implemented in Zig.
+The interpreter (Elz) is designed to integrate into Zig applications as a scripting engine.
+Priorities, in order:
+
+1. Correctness and R5RS compliance where applicable.
+2. Clean, minimal public API for embedding into Zig projects.
+3. Maintainable and well-tested code.
+4. Cross-platform support (Linux, macOS, and Windows).
+
+## Core Rules
+
+- Use English for code, comments, docs, and tests.
+- Prefer small, focused changes over large refactoring.
+- Add comments only when they clarify non-obvious behavior.
+- Do not add features, error handling, or abstractions beyond what is needed for the current task.
+
+## Repository Layout
+
+- `src/lib.zig`: Main public API export module for embedding Elz as a library.
+- `src/main.zig`: REPL entry point (`elz-repl` binary).
+- `src/elz/core.zig`: Core value types, Environment, and Module definitions.
+- `src/elz/interpreter.zig`: Main `Interpreter` struct.
+- `src/elz/eval.zig`: Evaluation engine.
+- `src/elz/parser.zig`: S-expression parser.
+- `src/elz/env_setup.zig`: Environment initialization and FFI setup.
+- `src/elz/ffi.zig`: Foreign function interface for calling Zig functions from Element 0.
+- `src/elz/gc.zig`: Garbage collection wrapper (uses Boehm-Demers-Weiser GC).
+- `src/elz/errors.zig`: Error types.
+- `src/elz/writer.zig`: Value serialization and display.
+- `src/elz/api_helpers.zig`: Public API helper functions.
+- `src/elz/primitives/`: Built-in functions grouped by category (math, lists, strings, control, predicates, vectors, hashmaps, io, ports, datetime, os, modules, and process).
+- `src/stdlib/std.elz`: Standard library written in Element 0 itself.
+- `examples/zig/`: FFI examples showing how to call Zig functions from Element 0.
+- `examples/elz/`: Element 0 script examples.
+- `tests/`: Element 0 language-level tests (`test_stdlib.elz`, `test_advanced.elz`, `test_edge_cases.elz`, `test_regression.elz`, `test_module_lib.elz`).
+- `.github/workflows/`: CI workflows (tests, lints, docs, and releases).
+- `build.zig` / `build.zig.zon`: Zig build configuration and dependencies.
+- `Makefile`: GNU Make wrapper around `zig build`.
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Interpreter Pipeline
+
+Source code flows through: Parser (`parser.zig`) -> Evaluator (`eval.zig`) -> Writer (`writer.zig`).
+The `Interpreter` struct in `interpreter.zig` ties these together and manages the root environment.
+
+### Core / Primitives Split
+
+- `src/elz/core.zig` defines the value types and environment model.
+- `src/elz/primitives/` contains all built-in functions, each in a category-specific module.
+- New built-in functions should be added to the appropriate primitives' module.
+
+### FFI
+
+Zig functions can be registered with the interpreter via `env_setup.define_foreign_func()`.
+This is the primary extension mechanism for embedding use cases.
+
+### Garbage Collection
+
+Memory is managed by the Boehm-Demers-Weiser GC (`bdwgc`), wrapped in `gc.zig`. The GC is linked as a C library dependency.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+Managed via Zig's package manager (`build.zig.zon`):
+
+- Chilli: CLI framework for the REPL.
+- BDWGC (v8.2.12): Garbage collector.
+- Linenoise (v2.0): Line editing for the REPL (POSIX only).
+- Minish: Property-based testing framework.
+
+## Zig Conventions
+
+- Zig version: 0.15.2.
+- Formatting is enforced by `zig fmt`. Run `make format` before committing.
+- Naming: `snake_case` for functions and variables, `PascalCase` for types and structs.
+- Element 0 symbols use `kebab-case` (e.g., `zig-mul`, `string-length`).
+
+## Required Validation
+
+Run all test suites for any change:
+
+| Target              | Command            | What It Runs                                                 |
+|---------------------|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Zig unit tests      | `make test`        | Inline `test` blocks in `src/**/*.zig`                       |
+| Property tests      | `make test-prop`   | Property-based tests in `tests/*_prop_test.zig` (Minish)     |
+| Integration tests   | `make test-integ`  | Integration tests in `tests/*_integ_test.zig`                |
+| Language tests      | `make test-elz`    | Element 0 test files in `tests/test_*.elz`                   |
+| All tests           | `make test-all`    | Runs all of the above                                        |
+| Lint                | `make lint`        | Checks Zig formatting with `zig fmt --check`                 |
+
+For interactive exploration: `make repl`.
+
+## First Contribution Flow
+
+1. Read the relevant source module under `src/elz/`.
+2. Implement the smallest possible change.
+3. Add or update inline `test` blocks in the changed Zig module. Add Element 0 tests in `tests/` if language behavior changed.
+4. Run `make test-all`.
+5. Verify interactively with `make repl` if needed.
+
+Good first tasks:
+
+- Add a new built-in function in the appropriate `src/elz/primitives/` module.
+- Add a new standard library function in `src/stdlib/std.elz`.
+- Fix an edge case identified in `tests/test_edge_cases.elz`.
+- Add a new FFI example in `examples/zig/`.
+
+## Testing Expectations
+
+- Unit and regression tests live as inline `test` blocks in the module they cover (`src/elz/*.zig` and `src/elz/primitives/*.zig`).
+- Property-based tests live in `tests/*_prop_test.zig` and use the Minish framework. They test invariants like commutativity, roundtrip properties, and crash resistance.
+- Integration tests live in `tests/*_integ_test.zig` and test the public embedding API (init, evalString, FFI, error propagation, sandboxing).
+- Language-level tests live in `tests/test_*.elz` and are run by the interpreter itself via `make test-elz`.
+- No language-facing change is complete without an Element 0 test.
+
+## Change Design Checklist
+
+Before coding:
+
+1. Identify which module(s) the change touches (core, primitives, parser, eval, etc.).
+2. Consider whether the change requires updates to the standard library (`std.elz`).
+3. Check cross-platform implications if the change touches OS or I/O primitives.
+
+Before submitting:
+
+1. `make test && make test-elz` passes.
+2. `make lint` passes.
+3. Docs updated if the public API surface changed.
+
+## Commit and PR Hygiene
+
+- Keep commits scoped to one logical change.
+- PR descriptions should include:
+    1. Behavioral change summary.
+    2. Tests added or updated.
+    3. Interactive verification done (yes/no).

Makefile

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SHELL         := /usr/bin/env bash
 # Targets
 ################################################################################
 
-.PHONY: all help build rebuild run run-elz test test-elz release clean lint format docs serve-docs install-deps setup-hooks test-hooks
+.PHONY: all help build rebuild run run-elz test test-elz test-prop test-integ test-all release clean lint format docs serve-docs install-deps setup-hooks test-hooks
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := help
 
 help: ## Show the help messages for all targets
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ init: ## Initialize a new Zig project
 	@echo "Initializing a new Zig project..."
 	@$(ZIG) init
 
-build: ## Build project (e.g. 'make build BUILD_TYPE=ReleaseSafe')
+build: ## Build project (like 'make build BUILD_TYPE=ReleaseSafe')
 	@echo "Building project in $(BUILD_TYPE) mode with $(JOBS) concurrent jobs..."
 	@$(ZIG) build $(BUILD_OPTS) -j$(JOBS)
 
 rebuild: clean build  ## clean and build
 
-run: ## Run a Zig example (e.g. 'make run EXAMPLE=e1_ffi_1')
+run: ## Run a Zig example (like 'make run EXAMPLE=e1_ffi_1')
 	@if [ "$(EXAMPLE)" = "all" ]; then \
 	   echo "--> Running all Zig examples..."; \
 	   fail=0; \
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ run: ## Run a Zig example (e.g. 'make run EXAMPLE=e1_ffi_1')
 	   $(ZIG) build run-$(EXAMPLE) $(BUILD_OPTS); \
 	fi
 
-run-elz: build ## Run a Lisp example (e.g. 'make run-elz ELZ_EXAMPLE=e1-cons-car-cdr')
+run-elz: build ## Run a Lisp example (like 'make run-elz ELZ_EXAMPLE=e1-cons-car-cdr')
 	@if [ "$(ELZ_EXAMPLE)" = "all" ]; then \
 	   echo "--> Running all Lisp examples..."; \
 	   fail=0; \
@@ -91,6 +91,18 @@ test-elz: ## Run Element 0 standard library tests
 	@echo "Running Element 0 standard library tests..."
 	@$(ZIG) build test-elz $(BUILD_OPTS) -j$(JOBS) $(TEST_FLAGS)
 
+test-prop: ## Run property-based tests
+	@echo "Running property-based tests..."
+	@$(ZIG) build test-prop $(BUILD_OPTS) -j$(JOBS) $(TEST_FLAGS)
+
+test-integ: ## Run integration tests
+	@echo "Running integration tests..."
+	@$(ZIG) build test-integ $(BUILD_OPTS) -j$(JOBS) $(TEST_FLAGS)
+
+test-all: ## Run all tests (unit, property, integration, and elz)
+	@echo "Running all tests..."
+	@$(ZIG) build test-all $(BUILD_OPTS) -j$(JOBS) $(TEST_FLAGS)
+
 release: ## Build in Release mode
 	@echo "Building the project in Release mode..."
 	@$(MAKE) build BUILD_TYPE=$(RELEASE_MODE)

README.md

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Result of (zig-mul 7 6) is: 42
 
 ### Documentation
 
-You can find the full API documentation for the latest release of Elz [here](https://Element0Lang.github.io/element-0/).
+You can find the full API documentation for the latest release of Elz [here](https://element0lang.github.io/element-0/).
 
 Alternatively, you can use the `make docs` command to generate the API documentation for the current version of
 Elz from the source code.

ROADMAP.md

@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ It outlines the features to be implemented and their current status.
 * [x] **Math Library**: More common mathematical functions (like trigonometric and logarithmic functions).
 * [x] **List Utilities**: `filter`, `fold-left`, `fold-right`, and other common list processing functions.
 * [x] **String Utilities**: `string-append`, `string-ref`, `substring`, `string-split`, `number->string`, `string->number`, `make-string`, `string=?`, `string<?`, `string>?`, `string<=?`, `string>=?`, `gensym` implemented.
-* [ ] **Regular Expressions**: A library for advanced text pattern matching.
+* [x] **Regular Expressions**: `regex-match?`, `regex-search`, `regex-replace`, `regex-split` implemented with NFA-based engine supporting literals, `.`, `*`, `+`, `?`, character classes, and anchors.
 * [x] **OS and Filesystem**: `getenv`, `file-exists?`, `delete-file`, `current-directory`, `directory-list`, `rename-file` implemented.
-* [ ] **Advanced I/O**: A `format` procedure and a more comprehensive port system.
+* [x] **Advanced I/O**: `format` procedure with `~a`, `~s`, `~%`, `~~` directives, and `value->string` implemented.
 * [x] **Date and Time**: `current-time`, `current-time-ms`, `time->components`, `sleep-ms` implemented.
 
 ### 4. Advanced Language Features (Post-R5RS)
@@ -114,16 +114,17 @@ It outlines the features to be implemented and their current status.
 * [x] **Module System**: A system for organizing code into reusable and encapsulated modules.
 * [x] `define-macro` (simple procedural macros)
 * [ ] `syntax-rules` (hygienic macros) or similar system for compile-time metaprogramming.
-* [ ] `call-with-current-continuation` (`call/cc`): Support for first-class continuations.
+* [x] `call-with-escape-continuation` (`call/ec`): Escape-only continuations for early returns. Full `call/cc` deferred pending CPS rewrite.
 
 ### 5. Better Host Integration and Embeddability
 
-* [ ] **Advanced FFI**
+* **Advanced FFI**
     * [ ] Support for passing complex Zig structs.
     * [ ] Ability to pass Elz closures to Zig as callbacks.
-    * [ ] Automatic type conversions for more data types.
-* [ ] **Sandboxing and Security**
+    * [x] Automatic type conversions for `bool`, `[]const u8`, and `?T` (optional) types.
+* **Sandboxing and Security**
     * [x] A sandboxed mode to restrict access to I/O and other sensitive operations.
-    * [ ] Host-level controls for memory and execution time limits.
-* [ ] **Serialization**
-    * [ ] Built-in procedures to serialize and deserialize Elz objects (for example, to JSON or S-expressions).
+    * [x] Host-level controls for execution time limits (`time_limit_ms` in `SandboxFlags`).
+* **Serialization**
+    * [x] `json-serialize` and `json-deserialize` for JSON round-tripping.
+    * [x] `value->string` for S-expression serialization.

build.zig

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     });
     docs_step.dependOn(&gen_docs_cmd.step);
 
-    // --- Test Setup ---
+    // --- Unit Test Setup ---
     const test_module = b.createModule(.{
         .root_source_file = lib_source,
         .target = target,
@@ -162,6 +162,57 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     const test_step = b.step("test", "Run unit tests");
     test_step.dependOn(&run_lib_unit_tests.step);
 
+    // --- Property-Based and Integration Test Setup ---
+    const test_prop_step = b.step("test-prop", "Run property-based tests");
+    const test_integ_step = b.step("test-integ", "Run integration tests");
+    const minish_dep = b.dependency("minish", .{});
+
+    {
+        const tests_path = "tests";
+        var tests_dir = fs.cwd().openDir(tests_path, .{ .iterate = true }) catch |err| {
+            if (err == error.FileNotFound) {
+                @panic("Can't open 'tests' directory");
+            }
+            @panic("Can't open 'tests' directory");
+        };
+        defer tests_dir.close();
+
+        var test_iter = tests_dir.iterate();
+        while (test_iter.next() catch @panic("Failed to iterate tests")) |entry| {
+            if (!std.mem.endsWith(u8, entry.name, ".zig")) continue;
+
+            const is_prop_test = std.mem.endsWith(u8, entry.name, "_prop_test.zig");
+            const is_integ_test = std.mem.endsWith(u8, entry.name, "_integ_test.zig");
+
+            if (!is_prop_test and !is_integ_test) continue;
+
+            const test_path = b.fmt("{s}/{s}", .{ tests_path, entry.name });
+
+            const t_module = b.createModule(.{
+                .root_source_file = b.path(test_path),
+                .target = target,
+                .optimize = optimize,
+            });
+            t_module.addImport("elz", lib_module);
+
+            if (is_prop_test) {
+                t_module.addImport("minish", minish_dep.module("minish"));
+            }
+
+            const t = b.addTest(.{ .root_module = t_module });
+            const bdwgc_dep_t = b.dependency("bdwgc", .{});
+            t.addIncludePath(bdwgc_dep_t.path("include"));
+            t.linkLibrary(gc);
+
+            const run_t = b.addRunArtifact(t);
+            if (is_prop_test) {
+                test_prop_step.dependOn(&run_t.step);
+            } else {
+                test_integ_step.dependOn(&run_t.step);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // --- Example Setup ---
     const examples_path = "examples/zig";
     var examples_dir = fs.cwd().openDir(examples_path, .{ .iterate = true }) catch |err| {
@@ -198,10 +249,34 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
         run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
     }
 
-    // --- Run Element 0 Standard Library Tests ---
+    // --- Run Element 0 Language Tests ---
     const test_elz_step = b.step("test-elz", "Run the Element 0 language tests");
-    const run_elz_tests_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(repl_exe);
-    run_elz_tests_cmd.addArg("--file");
-    run_elz_tests_cmd.addArg("tests/test_stdlib.elz");
-    test_elz_step.dependOn(&run_elz_tests_cmd.step);
+    {
+        const tests_path = "tests";
+        var tests_dir = fs.cwd().openDir(tests_path, .{ .iterate = true }) catch |err| {
+            if (err == error.FileNotFound) {
+                @panic("Can't open 'tests' directory");
+            }
+            @panic("Can't open 'tests' directory");
+        };
+        defer tests_dir.close();
+
+        var test_iter = tests_dir.iterate();
+        while (test_iter.next() catch @panic("Failed to iterate tests")) |entry| {
+            if (!std.mem.startsWith(u8, entry.name, "test_")) continue;
+            if (!std.mem.endsWith(u8, entry.name, ".elz")) continue;
+
+            const run_elz_test_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(repl_exe);
+            run_elz_test_cmd.addArg("--file");
+            run_elz_test_cmd.addArg(b.fmt("{s}/{s}", .{ tests_path, entry.name }));
+            test_elz_step.dependOn(&run_elz_test_cmd.step);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --- Run All Tests ---
+    const test_all_step = b.step("test-all", "Run all tests");
+    test_all_step.dependOn(&run_lib_unit_tests.step);
+    test_all_step.dependOn(test_prop_step);
+    test_all_step.dependOn(test_integ_step);
+    test_all_step.dependOn(test_elz_step);
 }

build.zig.zon

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
             .url = "https://github.com/antirez/linenoise/archive/refs/tags/2.0.tar.gz",
             .hash = "N-V-__8AAJ4HAgCX79UDBfNwhqAqUVoGC44ib6UYa18q6oa_",
         },
+        .minish = .{
+            .url = "https://github.com/CogitatorTech/minish/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.0.tar.gz",
+            .hash = "minish-0.1.0-SQtSTWHkAQACfz3xGuWHU8zbx320vK_47r2yto3Pq0Rf",
+        },
     },
     .paths = .{ "build.zig", "build.zig.zon", "src", "LICENSE", "README.md" },
 }