diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 4cac3a21cc..44200a6051 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ jobs:
             arch: x86
             downgrade: false
             depwarn: error
+        include:
+          - moi_test_modules: 'JuliaC'
+            machine:
+              version: '1'
+              os: ubuntu-latest
+              arch: default
+              downgrade: false
+              depwarn: yes
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
       - uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v3
@@ -62,6 +70,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           mode: deps
       - uses: julia-actions/julia-buildpkg@v1
+      - if: ${{ contains(matrix.moi_test_modules, 'JuliaC') }}
+        # Instantiate MyApp/Project.toml iff we are running the JuliaC tests
+        shell: julia --color=yes --project=test/JuliaC/MyApp {0}
+        run: |
+          using Pkg
+          Pkg.develop(PackageSpec(path=pwd()))
+          Pkg.instantiate()
       - uses: julia-actions/julia-runtest@v1
         with:
           depwarn: ${{ matrix.machine.depwarn }}
diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index 0c3312ad97..ac81ff2b40 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ CodecZlib = "0.6, 0.7"
 ForwardDiff = "1"
 JSON = "0.21, 1"
 JSONSchema = "1"
+JuliaC = "0.3"
 LinearAlgebra = "1"
 MutableArithmetics = "1"
 NaNMath = "0.3, 1"
@@ -49,7 +50,8 @@ julia = "1.10"
 BenchmarkTools = "6e4b80f9-dd63-53aa-95a3-0cdb28fa8baf"
 CliqueTrees = "60701a23-6482-424a-84db-faee86b9b1f8"
 JSONSchema = "7d188eb4-7ad8-530c-ae41-71a32a6d4692"
+JuliaC = "acedd4c2-ced6-4a15-accc-2607eb759ba2"
 ParallelTestRunner = "d3525ed8-44d0-4b2c-a655-542cee43accc"
 
 [targets]
-test = ["BenchmarkTools", "CliqueTrees", "JSONSchema", "ParallelTestRunner"]
+test = ["BenchmarkTools", "CliqueTrees", "JSONSchema", "JuliaC", "ParallelTestRunner"]
diff --git a/test/JuliaC/MyApp/Project.toml b/test/JuliaC/MyApp/Project.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e53523ee74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/JuliaC/MyApp/Project.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+name = "MyApp"
+uuid = "4768c16f-14ab-4f22-afac-abe0e8586942"
+
+[deps]
+MathOptInterface = "b8f27783-ece8-5eb3-8dc8-9495eed66fee"
+
+[compat]
+MathOptInterface = "1"
diff --git a/test/JuliaC/MyApp/src/MyApp.jl b/test/JuliaC/MyApp/src/MyApp.jl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d2c400a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/JuliaC/MyApp/src/MyApp.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2017: Miles Lubin and contributors
+# Copyright (c) 2017: Google Inc.
+#
+# Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be found
+# in the LICENSE.md file or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
+
+# !!! info
+#     There is a one-to-one correspondence between the `run_` functions in this
+#     module and the `test_` functions in test_juliac.jl. If you add to one, you
+#     must also add to the other.
+
+module MyApp
+
+import MathOptInterface as MOI
+
+function @main(args::Vector{String})::Cint
+    @assert length(args) >= 1
+    head = popfirst!(args)
+    if head == "--mathoptformat"
+        return run_mathoptformat(args)
+    end
+    return 1  # Incorrect head
+end
+
+function run_mathoptformat(args::Vector{String})::Cint
+    filename = only(args)
+    model = MOI.FileFormats.MOF.Model()
+    x = MOI.add_variable(model)
+    MOI.set(model, MOI.VariableName(), x, "x")
+    MOI.add_constraint(model, x, MOI.GreaterThan(0.0))
+    f = MOI.ScalarNonlinearFunction(
+        :+,
+        Any[MOI.ScalarNonlinearFunction(:sin, Any[x]), 2, 3.0],
+    )
+    c = MOI.add_constraint(model, f, MOI.LessThan(7.0))
+    MOI.set(model, MOI.ConstraintName(), c, "c")
+    objective = MOI.ScalarAffineFunction([MOI.ScalarAffineTerm(1.0, x)], 0.0)
+    MOI.set(model, MOI.ObjectiveSense(), MOI.MIN_SENSE)
+    MOI.set(model, MOI.ObjectiveFunction{typeof(objective)}(), objective)
+    open(io -> write(io, model), filename, "w")
+    return 0
+end
+
+end # module MOFWriter
diff --git a/test/JuliaC/test_juliac.jl b/test/JuliaC/test_juliac.jl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5130bb520d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/JuliaC/test_juliac.jl
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2017: Miles Lubin and contributors
+# Copyright (c) 2017: Google Inc.
+#
+# Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be found
+# in the LICENSE.md file or at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
+
+# !!! info
+#     There is a one-to-one correspondence between the `test_` functions in this
+#     module and the `run_` functions in MyApp.jl. If you add to one, you must
+#     also add to the other.
+
+# !!! info
+#     To run this file, you must first instantiate the MyApp Project.toml so
+#     that it includes MathOptInterface from the source code. From the root, do:
+#     ```julia
+#     using Pkg
+#     Pkg.develop(PackageSpec(path=pwd()))
+#     Pkg.instantiate()
+#     ```
+module TestJuliaC
+
+using Test
+
+import JSON
+import JuliaC
+
+function compile()
+    output_dir = mktempdir()
+    outname = joinpath(output_dir, "MyApp")
+    image_recipe = JuliaC.ImageRecipe(
+        output_type = "--output-exe",
+        file = joinpath(@__DIR__, "MyApp"),
+        trim_mode = "no",
+        add_ccallables = false,
+        verbose = true,
+    )
+    link_recipe = JuliaC.LinkRecipe(; image_recipe, outname)
+    bundle_recipe = JuliaC.BundleRecipe(; link_recipe, output_dir)
+    JuliaC.compile_products(image_recipe)
+    JuliaC.link_products(link_recipe)
+    JuliaC.bundle_products(bundle_recipe)
+    return output_dir
+end
+
+function runtests()
+    output_dir = compile()
+    is_test(name) = startswith("$name", "test_")
+    @testset "$name" for name in filter(is_test, names(@__MODULE__; all = true))
+        getfield(@__MODULE__, name)(output_dir)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+function test_mathoptformat(output_dir)
+    # Run via the compiled binary
+    output = joinpath(output_dir, "compiled.mof.json")
+    run(`$(output_dir)/bin/MyApp --mathoptformat $output`)
+    # Compare against running as `-m`
+    reference = joinpath(output_dir, "reference.mof.json")
+    project = joinpath(@__DIR__, "MyApp")
+    run(
+        `$(Base.julia_cmd()) --project=$project -m MyApp --mathoptformat $reference`,
+    )
+    @test read(output, String) == read(reference, String)
+    # Manually test the output
+    object = JSON.parsefile(output)
+    @test object["variables"] == [Dict("name" => "x")]
+    @test object["objective"] == Dict(
+        "sense" => "min",
+        "function" => Dict(
+            "type" => "ScalarAffineFunction",
+            "terms" => [Dict("coefficient" => 1.0, "variable" => "x")],
+            "constant" => 0.0,
+        ),
+    )
+    con_c = Dict(
+        "name" => "c",
+        "function" => Dict(
+            "type" => "ScalarNonlinearFunction",
+            "root" => Dict("type" => "node", "index" => 2),
+            "node_list" => [
+                Dict("type" => "sin", "args" => ["x"]),
+                Dict(
+                    "type" => "+",
+                    "args" => [Dict("type" => "node", "index" => 1), 2, 3.0],
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+        "set" => Dict("type" => "LessThan", "upper" => 7.0),
+    )
+    con_bound = Dict(
+        "function" => Dict("type" => "Variable", "name" => "x"),
+        "set" => Dict("type" => "GreaterThan", "lower" => 0.0),
+    )
+    @test object["constraints"] == [con_c, con_bound]
+    return
+end
+
+end # module TestJuliaC
+
+TestJuliaC.runtests()
diff --git a/test/runtests.jl b/test/runtests.jl
index c72cf35162..4a8d8aaa31 100644
--- a/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/test/runtests.jl
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@
 #  * Nonlinear
 #  * Test
 #  * Utilities
-#
+#  * JuliaC [opt-in]
+
+# JuliaC is off by default because it requires instantiating the
+# `test/JuliaC/MyApp` environment. We explicitly do this in CI.
+
 # If present, the tests run only those submodules defined above. `General` is
 # not a submodule, but it runs all of the top-level tests in MOI.