diff --git a/changelog/32000.txt b/changelog/32000.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c6bc3c8d3f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/32000.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:improvement
+identity/oidc: Omit claims with a null or empty string value from OIDC provider ID tokens and UserInfo responses, in line with the OIDC specification. Empty lists and objects are preserved.
+```
diff --git a/vault/identity_store_oidc.go b/vault/identity_store_oidc.go
index 7ff7a8a5b74..671e3efb9af 100644
--- a/vault/identity_store_oidc.go
+++ b/vault/identity_store_oidc.go
@@ -1168,6 +1168,8 @@ func (tok *idToken) generatePayload(logger hclog.Logger, templates ...string) ([
 // mergeJSONTemplates will merge each of the given JSON templates into the given
 // output map. It will simply merge the top-level keys of the unmarshalled JSON
 // templates into output, which means that any conflicting keys will be overwritten.
+// Claims with a null or empty string value are omitted, in line with the OIDC
+// specification.
 func mergeJSONTemplates(logger hclog.Logger, output map[string]interface{}, templates ...string) error {
 	for _, template := range templates {
 		var parsed map[string]interface{}
@@ -1176,11 +1178,21 @@ func mergeJSONTemplates(logger hclog.Logger, output map[string]interface{}, temp
 		}
 
 		for k, v := range parsed {
-			if !strutil.StrListContains(reservedClaims, k) {
-				output[k] = v
-			} else {
+			if strutil.StrListContains(reservedClaims, k) {
 				logger.Warn("invalid top level OIDC template key", "template", template, "key", k)
+				continue
 			}
+
+			// Omit claims with a null or empty string value. Per the OIDC
+			// specification, a claim that is not returned SHOULD be omitted
+			// rather than included with a null or empty string value. Empty
+			// lists and objects are preserved, since an empty collection is a
+			// meaningful claim value.
+			if v == nil || v == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			output[k] = v
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/vault/identity_store_oidc_test.go b/vault/identity_store_oidc_test.go
index ff91179eec9..644e40dac98 100644
--- a/vault/identity_store_oidc_test.go
+++ b/vault/identity_store_oidc_test.go
@@ -27,6 +27,50 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+// TestOIDC_mergeJSONTemplates verifies that claims with a null or empty string
+// value are omitted from merged OIDC templates, while claims with a meaningful
+// value (including empty lists and objects) are preserved.
+func TestOIDC_mergeJSONTemplates(t *testing.T) {
+	template := `{
+		"name": "Brian Candler",
+		"organization": "",
+		"nickname": null,
+		"groups": [],
+		"metadata": {},
+		"login_count": 0,
+		"active": false
+	}`
+
+	output := map[string]interface{}{
+		"sub": "entity-id",
+	}
+
+	if err := mergeJSONTemplates(hclog.NewNullLogger(), output, template); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error merging templates: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Claims with a null or empty string value must be omitted.
+	for _, claim := range []string{"organization", "nickname"} {
+		if _, ok := output[claim]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("expected claim %q to be omitted, but it was present", claim)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Claims with a meaningful value, including empty lists and objects, must
+	// be preserved.
+	expected := map[string]interface{}{
+		"sub":         "entity-id",
+		"name":        "Brian Candler",
+		"groups":      []interface{}{},
+		"metadata":    map[string]interface{}{},
+		"login_count": float64(0),
+		"active":      false,
+	}
+	if diff := deep.Equal(output, expected); diff != nil {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected merged claims: %v", diff)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestOIDC_Path_OIDC_RoleNoKeyParameter tests that a role cannot be created
 // without a key parameter
 func TestOIDC_Path_OIDC_RoleNoKeyParameter(t *testing.T) {