section.java.util.concurrent.xml

<chapter id="index"><?dbhtml dir="concurrent" ?>
	<title>Java 并发编程</title>
	<para>包位置 java.util.concurrent</para>
	<section id="TimeUnit">
		<title>TimeUnit</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
	try {
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
	}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
	</section>
	<section id="ThreadLocalRandom">
		<title>ThreadLocalRandom</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomListElement {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 初始化一个列表
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("元素1");
        list.add("元素2");
        list.add("元素3");
        list.add("元素4");
        list.add("元素5");

        // 方法1：使用 Random 类
        Random random = new Random();
        String randomElement1 = list.get(random.nextInt(list.size()));
        System.out.println("随机选取的元素 (使用 Random): " + randomElement1);

        // 方法2：使用 ThreadLocalRandom (Java 8+)
        String randomElement2 = list.get(
                java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(list.size())
        );
        System.out.println("随机选取的元素 (使用 ThreadLocalRandom): " + randomElement2);
    }
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
	</section>
	<section id="java.util.concurrent.atomic">
		<title>原子变量</title>

		<section id="AtomicInteger">
			<title>AtomicInteger / AtomicLong</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
AtomicInteger sequence = new AtomicInteger(1);
sequence.getAndIncrement(); // 加1操作
		]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="AtomicBoolean">
			<title>AtomicBoolean</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.aigcsst.conference.config;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
		
public class AtomicService {
    private AtomicBoolean isRunning = new AtomicBoolean(false);

    // 开启服务  
    public void start() {
        isRunning.set(true);
        System.out.println("Service started.");
    }

    // 关闭服务  
    public void stop() {
        isRunning.set(false);
        System.out.println("Service stopped.");
    }

    // 检查服务是否正在运行  
    public boolean isRunning() {
        return isRunning.get();
    }
    
} 		
		]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="AtomicReference">
			<title>AtomicReference</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
private static AtomicReference<BankCard> bankCardRef = new AtomicReference<>(new BankCard("Neo",100));		
		]]>
			</programlisting>
			<section>
				<title>AtomicReference</title>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
AtomicReference<String> atomicRef = new AtomicReference<>("Initial Value");

// 获取值
String value = atomicRef.get(); // "Initial Value"

// 设置值
atomicRef.set("New Value");

// CAS 操作
boolean success = atomicRef.compareAndSet("New Value", "Updated Value");
System.out.println(success); // true（如果当前值仍然是 "New Value"）
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>线程安全的单例模式</title>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
class Singleton {
    private static final AtomicReference<Singleton> INSTANCE = new AtomicReference<>();

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        while (true) {
            Singleton instance = INSTANCE.get();
            if (instance != null) {
                return instance;
            }
            instance = new Singleton();
            if (INSTANCE.compareAndSet(null, instance)) {
                return instance;
            }
        }
    }

    private Singleton() {
        // 私有构造方法
    }
}
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>

		</section>
		<section>
			<title>值设置与获取操作</title>

			<section>
				<title>set() / get()</title>
				<para>设置新值，使用 volatile 语义，确保新值对其他线程立即可见（遵循 happens-before 原则）。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
					<![CDATA[
AtomicReference<String> ref = new AtomicReference<>("初始值");
ref.set("新值"); // 原子性地更新为新值					
					]]>
				</programlisting>

				<para>AtomicReference 类中的 get() 方法是最常用的读取操作，它提供了强内存顺序保证和即时可见性。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class StateControlExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<State> state = new AtomicReference<>(State.INIT);

    enum State { INIT, RUNNING, STOPPED }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 工作线程
        Thread worker = new Thread(() -> {
            while (state.get() != State.STOPPED) {
                System.out.println("工作中...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("工作线程已停止");
        });

        // 控制线程
        Thread controller = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                // 更新状态为 STOPPED
                state.set(State.STOPPED);
                System.out.println("已发送停止命令");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

        worker.start();
        controller.start();

        worker.join();
        controller.join();
    }
}
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>lazySet() / setRelease()</title>
				<para>lazySet()
					提供了一种在高并发场景下以较低性能开销更新原子引用的方式，适用于对可见性要求不高、但对吞吐量敏感的场景。使用时需明确弱内存顺序的语义，避免在关键业务逻辑中引入不可见性问题。
				</para>
				<para>lazySet() 的实现如下：</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
public final void lazySet(V newValue) {
    VALUE.setRelease(this, newValue);
}				
				]]>
				</programlisting>
				<para>以下示例展示了 lazySet() 在标记线程状态时的应用：</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class LazySetExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<State> state = new AtomicReference<>(State.RUNNING);

    enum State { RUNNING, STOPPED }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 工作线程
        Thread worker = new Thread(() -> {
            while (state.get() == State.RUNNING) {
                // 执行任务...
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("工作线程已停止");
        });

        worker.start();

        // 主线程：延迟一段时间后停止工作线程
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        
        // 使用 lazySet 设置状态，不要求立即对工作线程可见
        state.lazySet(State.STOPPED);
        System.out.println("已发送停止命令");

        worker.join();
    }
}
				]]>
				</programlisting>
				<para>AtomicReference 类中的 setRelease(V newValue) 是 Java 9
					引入的原子操作，它提供了释放语义（Release Semantics）的写入操作。与普通的 set() 相比，setRelease()
					在内存可见性和重排序限制上有更明确的语义，同时保持了较低的性能开销。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class PublishSubscribeExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<String> messageRef = new AtomicReference<>(null);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 生产者线程：准备并发布消息
        Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
            // 准备数据（可能涉及多个操作）
            String data = "重要消息";
            int processedData = 42; // 模拟数据处理
            
            // 使用 release 语义发布消息，确保数据准备完成后才发布
            messageRef.setRelease(data);
            System.out.println("消息已发布");
        });

        // 消费者线程：等待并读取消息
        Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
            String message;
            // 使用 acquire 语义读取消息，确保看到完整的发布内容
            while ((message = messageRef.getAcquire()) == null) {
                System.out.println("等待消息...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("收到消息: " + message);
        });

        consumer.start();
        producer.start();

        producer.join();
        consumer.join();
    }
}				
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>

			<section>
				<title>setOpaque() / getOpaque()</title>
				<para>AtomicReference 类中的 getOpaque() 方法是 Java 9
					引入的一个原子操作，它提供了一种以弱内存顺序读取引用值的方式。与 get() 方法相比，getOpaque()
					的可见性保证较弱，但性能开销可能更低。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class OpaqueReadExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<String> ref = new AtomicReference<>("初始值");

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 线程1：更新值
        Thread writer = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            ref.set("新值");
            System.out.println("写入完成: " + ref.get());
        });

        // 线程2：使用 getOpaque() 读取值
        Thread reader = new Thread(() -> {
            String value;
            do {
                // 使用弱内存顺序读取
                value = ref.getOpaque();
                System.out.println("读取到: " + value);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(200);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } while (!"新值".equals(value));
            System.out.println("最终读取到: " + value);
        });

        writer.start();
        reader.start();

        try {
            writer.join();
            reader.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}				
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>setAcquire() / getAcquire()</title>
				<para>AtomicReference 类中的 getAcquire() 方法是，提供了一种以获取语义（Acquire
					Semantics）读取引用值的方式。与 getOpaque() 相比，getAcquire() 提供了更强的内存可见性保证，但比
					get() 更轻量。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class PublishSubscribeExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<String> messageRef = new AtomicReference<>(null);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 生产者线程：发布消息
        Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
            // 准备数据
            String data = "重要消息";
            // 其他操作...
            // 使用 release 语义发布消息
            messageRef.setRelease(data);
            System.out.println("消息已发布");
        });

        // 消费者线程：订阅消息
        Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
            String message;
            // 使用 acquire 语义读取消息
            while ((message = messageRef.getAcquire()) == null) {
                System.out.println("等待消息...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("收到消息: " + message);
        });

        consumer.start();
        producer.start();

        try {
            producer.join();
            consumer.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}				
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>setPlain() / getPlain()</title>
				<para>AtomicReference 类中的 getPlain()
					方法提供了最弱的内存顺序保证，用于读取引用值。与其他读取方法相比，getPlain()
					的性能开销最低，但也牺牲了更多的内存可见性保证。
				</para>
				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

public class CounterExample {
    private static final AtomicReference<Integer> counter = new AtomicReference<>(0);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 写线程：递增计数器
        Thread writer = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                counter.updateAndGet(v -> v + 1);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        // 读线程：使用 getPlain() 读取计数器
        Thread reader = new Thread(() -> {
            int value;
            while ((value = counter.getPlain()) < 1000) {
                System.out.println("当前计数（getPlain）: " + value);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("最终计数: " + value);
        });

        writer.start();
        reader.start();

        writer.join();
        reader.join();
    }
}				
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>getAndSet()</title>
				<para>将引用值原子性地设置为新值，并返回旧值。</para>
				<programlisting>
					<![CDATA[
AtomicReference<String> ref = new AtomicReference<>("旧值");
String oldValue = ref.getAndSet("新值");
System.out.println("旧值: " + oldValue); // 输出 "旧值"
System.out.println("新值: " + ref.get()); // 输出 "新值"					
					]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>compareAndSet()</title>
				<para>CAS 操作：比较当前值是否等于预期值 expect，如果相等则原子性地将其更新为 update。</para>
				<programlisting>
					<![CDATA[
AtomicReference<String> ref = new AtomicReference<>("初始值");

// 只有当当前值为"初始值"时，才更新为"新值"
boolean success = ref.compareAndSet("初始值", "新值");
System.out.println("更新结果: " + success); // 输出 true					
					]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="ReentrantLock">
		<title>ReentrantLock 锁</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test {

    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private int count;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Test test = new Test();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程1").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程2").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程3").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    System.out.println(test.count);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }

        }, "线程1").start();

    }

    public void add(int n) {
        count += n;
    }
}

		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>没有加锁，线程是无序执行的</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
线程2: 2
线程3: 3
线程1: 1
3
线程2: 4
线程3: 5
线程1: 6
6
线程2: 7
线程1: 8
线程3: 9
线程2: 10
10
线程1: 11
线程3: 12
12
线程1: 14
线程2: 13
线程3: 15
15		
		]]>
		</screen>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test {

    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private int count;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Test test = new Test();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程1").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程2").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                test.add(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + test.count);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "线程3").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    System.out.println(test.count);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }

        }, "线程1").start();

    }

    public void add(int n) {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            count += n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
线程3: 3
线程1: 1
线程2: 2
3
线程1: 4
线程3: 5
线程2: 6
6
线程1: 7
线程3: 8
线程2: 9
9
线程1: 10
线程2: 11
线程3: 12
12		
		]]>
		</screen>
	</section>
	<section id="ConcurrentHashMap">
		<title>线程安全的 HashMap(ConcurrentHashMap)</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

public class Test {
    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean> isComplated = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.isComplated.putIfAbsent("create", true);
        test.isComplated.putIfAbsent("story", false);
        test.isComplated.putIfAbsent("picture", true);

        boolean isDone = test.isComplated.values().stream().allMatch(status -> status);
        System.out.println(test.isComplated);
        System.out.println(isDone);

        test.isComplated.put("story", true);
        isDone = test.isComplated.values().stream().allMatch(status -> status);
        System.out.println(test.isComplated);
        System.out.println(isDone);
    }
}
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<section>
			<title>设置键与值</title>
			<para>putIfAbsent 当 key 不存在时可以设置值</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
test.isComplated.putIfAbsent("create", true);	
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>put 可以覆盖已存在的值</para>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
test.isComplated.put("story", true);
		]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
	</section>

	<section id="CopyOnWriteArraySet">
		<title>CopyOnWriteArraySet</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;  
  
public class CopyOnWriteArraySetExample {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        // 创建一个CopyOnWriteArraySet实例  
        CopyOnWriteArraySet<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();  
  
        // 启动一个线程向集合中添加元素  
        new Thread(() -> {  
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
                set.add("Item" + i);  
                try {  
                    // 模拟一些延迟，使得输出更为明显  
                    Thread.sleep(100);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }).start();  
  
        // 启动另一个线程来读取和打印集合中的元素  
        new Thread(() -> {  
            while (set.size() < 10) {  
                // 打印当前集合中的所有元素  
                System.out.println("Current set contents: " + set);  
                try {  
                    // 等待一段时间，以便观察集合的变化  
                    Thread.sleep(200);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
            // 最后打印完整的集合内容  
            System.out.println("Final set contents: " + set);  
        }).start();  
    }  
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
	</section>

	<section id="BlockingQueue">
		<title>队列 / 阻塞队列</title>

		<section id="ConcurrentLinkedQueue">
			<title>ConcurrentLinkedQueue 非阻塞队列</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Story> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue();		
		]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

public class NonBlockingQueueExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue<String> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
        
        // 生产者线程
        Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                String message = "Msg " + i;
                queue.offer(message); // 非阻塞添加
                System.out.println("Produced: " + message);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }
            }
        });
        
        // 消费者线程
        Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
            int count = 0;
            while (count < 10) {
                String message = queue.poll(); // 非阻塞获取
                if (message != null) {
                    System.out.println("Consumed: " + message);
                    count++;
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(50);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }
            }
        });
        
        producer.start();
        consumer.start();
    }
}
		]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="ArrayBlockingQueue">
			<title>ArrayBlockingQueue</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class QueueTest {
	/**
	 * 定义装苹果的篮子
	 */
	public static class Basket {
		// 篮子，能够容纳10个苹果
		BlockingQueue<String> basket = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(10);

		// 生产苹果，放入篮子
		public void produce() throws InterruptedException {
			// put方法放入一个苹果，若basket满了，等到basket有位置
			basket.put("An apple");
		}

		// 消费苹果，从篮子中取走
		public String consume() throws InterruptedException {
			// get方法取出一个苹果，若basket为空，等到basket有苹果为止
			return basket.take();
		}

		public int size() {
			return basket.size();
		}

	}

	// 测试方法
	public static void testBasket() throws InterruptedException {
		// 建立一个装苹果的篮子
		final Basket basket = new Basket();
		// 定义苹果生产者
		class Producer implements Runnable {
			public void run() {
				try {
					while (true) {
						int n = random(1, 5);
						for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
							basket.produce();
						}
						System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + " 放入" + n + "个，当前总数：" + basket.size() + "个");
						Thread.sleep(random(450, 1000));
					}
				} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
				}
			}
		}
		// 定义苹果消费者
		class Consumer implements Runnable {
			public void run() {
				try {
					while (true) {
						// 消费苹果
						int n = random(1, 5);
						for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
							basket.consume();
						}
						System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + " 取出" + n + "个，剩余数量：" + basket.size() + "个");
						Thread.sleep(random(400, 1000));
					}
				} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
				}
			}
		}

		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		Producer producer = new Producer();
		Consumer consumer = new Consumer();
		service.submit(producer);
		// 延迟消费
		Thread.sleep(5000);
		service.submit(consumer);
		// 程序运行10s后，所有任务停止
		try {
			Thread.sleep(20000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		}
		service.shutdownNow();
	}

	public static int random(int min, int max) {
		var value = new Random().ints(min, (max + 1)).limit(1).findFirst().getAsInt();
		return value;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		QueueTest.testBasket();
	}
}

		]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="LinkedBlockingQueue">
			<title>LinkedBlockingQueue</title>
			<para>LinkedBlockingQueue是一种线程安全的阻塞队列，可以用于生产者-消费者模式，实现线程同步。</para>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class BlockingSynchronizedThread {
private final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();

	public void produce(int item) throws InterruptedException {
		queue.put(item);
	}
	
	public int consume() throws InterruptedException {
		return queue.take();
	}
}		
		]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class QueueThreadCommunication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建一个阻塞队列，容量为10
        BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(10);
        
        // 生产者线程
        Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    String message = "Message " + i;
                    queue.put(message); // 如果队列满，会阻塞
                    System.out.println("Produced: " + message);
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        });
        
        // 消费者线程
        Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    String message = queue.take(); // 如果队列空，会阻塞
                    System.out.println("Consumed: " + message);
                    Thread.sleep(200);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        });
        
        producer.start();
        consumer.start();
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="PriorityBlockingQueue">
			<title>PriorityBlockingQueue</title>
			<para></para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;

public class PriorityQueueExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PriorityBlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<>();
        
        // 生产者
        Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
            queue.put(5);
            queue.put(1);
            queue.put(3);
            queue.put(2);
            queue.put(4);
        });
        
        // 消费者
        Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
                    System.out.println("Consumed: " + queue.take());
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        });
        
        producer.start();
        consumer.start();
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="ConcurrentLinkedQueue">
			<title>ConcurrentLinkedQueue</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

public class ConcurrentLinkedQueueExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Integer> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
        
        // 生产者线程
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                queue.offer(i); // 立即返回，不会阻塞
                System.out.println("Produced: " + i);
            }
        }).start();
        
        // 消费者线程
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                Integer item = queue.poll(); // 立即返回，队列为空时返回 null
                if (item != null) {
                    System.out.println("Consumed: " + item);
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="LinkedTransferQueue">
			<title>LinkedTransferQueue</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedTransferQueue;

public class LinkedTransferQueueExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        LinkedTransferQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedTransferQueue<>();
        
        // 消费者线程（先启动，等待数据）
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    Integer item = queue.take(); // 等待生产者传递数据
                    System.out.println("Consumed: " + item);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }).start();
        
        // 生产者线程
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                    queue.transfer(i); // 直接传递给消费者，若没有消费者则阻塞
                    System.out.println("Produced: " + i);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>

		<section>
			<title>LinkedBlockingQueue LinkedTransferQueue ConcurrentLinkedQueue
			</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
特性		LinkedBlockingQueue	LinkedTransferQueue	ConcurrentLinkedQueue

队列边界	有界（可指定）	无界	无界
锁机制	分离读写锁	无锁（CAS）	无锁（CAS）
阻塞操作	支持 put/take	支持 transfer	不支持（立即返回）
直接传递	不支持	支持 transfer()	不支持
适用场景	生产者 - 消费者模型	即时传递、高性能	非阻塞、读多写少
性能建议

读多写少：优先使用 ConcurrentLinkedQueue（无锁，吞吐量高）。
生产者 - 消费者模型：优先使用 LinkedBlockingQueue（有界控制，平衡读写）。
即时传递：优先使用 LinkedTransferQueue（避免入队出队开销）。
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>

	</section>
	<section id="Future">
		<title>Future</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Test {

    private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

    public Future<Integer> calculate(Integer input) {
        return executor.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println("Calculating..." + input);
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            return input * input;
        });
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        Test test = new Test();
        Future<Integer> future = test.calculate(12);
        Integer value = future.get();

        System.out.println(value);
    }
}
		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>设置超时时间</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
value = future.get(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>设置超时时间</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
value = future.get(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>取消运行</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
boolean canceled = future.cancel(true);
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>判断是否完成</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
while(!future.isDone()) {
    System.out.println("Calculating...");
    Thread.sleep(300);
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<section>
			<title>Future + Stream 管理一组线程</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        Future<String> future1 = executor.submit(() -> "AAA");
        Future<String> future2 = executor.submit(() -> "BBB");
        Future<String> future3 = executor.submit(() -> "CCC");

        Stream<String> stream = Stream.of(future1, future2, future3)
                .map(func -> {
//                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        return func.get(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }

                }).filter(Objects::nonNull);
        stream.forEach(System.out::println);			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>Future + ExecutorService</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
public class OldConcurrentService {
    privatefinal ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

    public Map<String, Object> getPageData(String userId) throws Exception {
        // 1. 提交两个异步任务
        Future<String> userFuture = executor.submit(() -> fetchUserInfo(userId));
        Future<String> productFuture = executor.submit(() -> fetchProductList());

        // 2. 等待并获取结果，异常处理非常棘手
        try {
            String userInfo = userFuture.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String productList = productFuture.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            
            // 3. 组合结果
            return Map.of("user", userInfo, "products", productList);
        } finally {
            // 4. 必须手动关闭线程池
            executor.shutdown();
        }
    }
    // 模拟API调用...
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="FutureTask">
		<title>FutureTask</title>
		<programlisting>
	<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.welcome;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class Future {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(new Callable<String>() {
			@Override
			public String call() throws Exception {
				String status = null;
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + "Send SMS ...");
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + "Sent");
				status = "OK";
				return status;
			}
		});

//		开启了一个线程执行future的逻辑
		Thread thread = new Thread(futureTask);
		thread.start();

		// 主业务逻辑
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + "Begin");
		Thread.sleep(3000);
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + "End");

		String sent = futureTask.get();

		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + "Status：" + sent + " done!");
	}

}
	
	]]>
		</programlisting>
	</section>

	<section id="StructuredTaskScope">
		<title>StructuredTaskScope</title>
		<para>StructuredTaskScope
			的核心思想是将任务和子任务的生命周期绑定到代码块的作用域内。所有子任务必须在父任务结束前完成或被取消，这种结构化的方式避免了传统线程管理中的资源泄漏和复杂的错误处理。
		</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
public static Weather readWeather() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
   try (var scope = new StructuredTaskScope.ShutdownOnSuccess<Weather>()) {
       scope.fork(() -> Weather.readWeatherFromServerA());
       scope.fork(() -> Weather.readWeatherFromServerB());
       scope.fork(() -> Weather.readWeatherFromServerC());
       scope.join(); // 等待所有任务完成
       return scope.result(); // 获取第一个成功的结果
   }
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>相比传统的 ExecutorService，StructuredTaskScope
			提供了更高的抽象层次。ExecutorService 需要开发者手动管理任务之间的关系，而 StructuredTaskScope
			自动处理任务的取消和错误传播，避免了线程泄漏和复杂的异常处理逻辑。</para>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
public class NewConcurrentService {
    
    public Map<String, Object> getPageData(String userId) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        // ✅ 使用 try-with-resources 确保 Scope 自动关闭
        try (var scope = new StructuredTaskScope.ShutdownOnFailure()) {
            // 1. fork() 启动虚拟线程执行任务
            Supplier<String> userSupplier = scope.fork(() -> fetchUserInfo(userId));
            Supplier<String> productSupplier = scope.fork(() -> fetchProductList());

            // 2. join() 等待所有任务完成，如果任何一个失败则抛出异常
            scope.join();
            scope.throwIfFailed(); // 如果有失败，将第一个异常抛出

            // 3. 获取结果，类型安全
            return Map.of("user", userSupplier.get(), "products", productSupplier.get());
        }
        // ✅ 无需手动管理线程池！
    }
    // 模拟API调用...
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
	</section>

	<section id="CompletableFuture">
		<title>CompletableFuture</title>
		<section id="CompletableFuture.new">
			<title>创建 CompletableFuture 实例，并且其他线程中使用</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
		public Future<Double> getPriceAsync(String product) {
        //创建 CompletableFuture 对象，对象中包含异步计算结果
        CompletableFuture<Double> futurePrice = new CompletableFuture<>();
        //新建线程计算商品价格
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                double price = calculatePrice(product);
                //将异步计算得到的结果设置到 CompletableFuture 中，
                futurePrice.complete(price);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                futurePrice.completeExceptionally(e);
            }
        }).start();
        //无需等待计算结果，直接返回 CompletableFuture 对象
        return futurePrice;
    }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="runAsync">
			<title>runAsync 创建没有返回值的异步任务</title>
			<para>runAsync
				创建没有返回值的异步任务。它有如下两个方法，一个是使用默认线程池（ForkJoinPool.commonPool()）的方法，一个是自定义线程池的重载方法
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller;

import cn.netkiller.thread.ThreadManager;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Main {
    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something...");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });

        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something...");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, executorService);

        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something....");
//            Thread.currentThread().setName("测试有返回值的异步执行");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });

        ThreadManager tm = new ThreadManager();
        System.out.println(tm.show());

        try {
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        System.out.println("Result ->" + completableFuture.isDone());


    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para></para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
do something...
do something...
do something....

=======================================================================================
|   ID |                             Name | Group | Daemon |         State | Priority |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|    1 |                             main |  main |  false |      RUNNABLE |        5 |
|   21 | ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 |  main |   true | TIMED_WAITING |        5 |
|   22 |                  pool-1-thread-1 |  main |  false | TIMED_WAITING |        5 |
|   23 | ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 |  main |   true | TIMED_WAITING |        5 |
=======================================================================================

Result ->true
			]]>
			</screen>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());

        AtomicInteger variable = new AtomicInteger(0);
        CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> process(variable));
        runAsync.join();
        System.out.println(variable.get());

    }

    public static void process(AtomicInteger variable) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Process...");
        variable.set(1024);
    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="thenRun / thenRunAsync">
			<title>thenRun / thenRunAsync</title>
			<para>thenRun/thenRunAsync 功能是什么？完成前置任务之后，自己在执行。</para>
			<para>thenRun/thenRunAsync 区别是什么？thenRun 使用同一个线程执行任务，thenRunAsync
				会再开一个新线程执行任务。
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
    @GetMapping("/completableFutureRun")
    public String completableFutureRun() {
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - CompletableFuture 前置任务");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });
        CompletableFuture thenRun = completableFuture.thenRun(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenRun 任务");
        });
        CompletableFuture thenRunAsync = completableFuture.thenRunAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenRunAsync 任务");
        });
        return "Done";
    }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>运行结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 - CompletableFuture 前置任务
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 - 接着执行第二个 thenRun 任务
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 - 接着执行第二个 thenRunAsync 任务
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>这里可以看到 thenRunAsync 的线程变化，开启新线程
				ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 处理任务
			</para>
		</section>

		<section id="supplyAsync">
			<title>supplyAsync 创建带有返回值的异步任务。</title>
			<para>supplyAsync
				创建带有返回值的异步任务。它有如下两个方法，一个是使用默认线程池（ForkJoinPool.commonPool()）的方法，一个是带有自定义线程池的重载方法
			</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
// 带返回值异步请求，默认线程池
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
 
// 带返回值的异步请求，可以自定义线程池
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor)			
			]]>
			</screen>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller;

import cn.netkiller.thread.ThreadManager;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

public class Main {
    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something....");
            return "done";
        });

        System.out.println("Result ->" + completableFuture.get());

        ThreadManager tm = new ThreadManager();
        System.out.println(tm.show());
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>运行结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
do something....
Result ->done
=======================================================================================
|   ID |                             Name | Group | Daemon |         State | Priority |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|    1 |                             main |  main |  false |      RUNNABLE |        5 |
|   21 | ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 |  main |   true | TIMED_WAITING |        5 |
=======================================================================================		
			]]>
			</screen>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller;

import cn.netkiller.thread.ThreadManager;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Main {
    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {


        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something....");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(30000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            return "done";
        }, executorService);

        System.out.println("Result ->" + completableFuture.get());

        ThreadManager tm = new ThreadManager();
        System.out.println(tm.show());
    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>运行结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
do something....
Result ->done
======================================================================
|   ID |            Name | Group | Daemon |         State | Priority |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|    1 |            main |  main |  false |      RUNNABLE |        5 |
|   21 | pool-1-thread-1 |  main |  false |       WAITING |        5 |
======================================================================			
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>设置线程名称</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller;

import cn.netkiller.thread.ThreadManager;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Main {
    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("do something....");
            Thread.currentThread().setName("测试有返回值的异步执行");
            return "done";
        });

        System.out.println("Result ->" + completableFuture.get());

        ThreadManager tm = new ThreadManager();
        System.out.println(tm.show());
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>运行结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
do something....
Result ->done
==================================================================
|   ID |        Name | Group | Daemon |         State | Priority |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|    1 |        main |  main |  false |      RUNNABLE |        5 |
|   21 | 测试有返回值的异步执行 |  main |   true | TIMED_WAITING | 5 |
==================================================================	
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>通过 Supplier 对象创建异步执行</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {

                return "https://www.netkiller.cn";
            }
        }).exceptionally((throwable) -> {
            return throwable.toString();
        });			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>




		<section id="thenAccept / thenAcceptAsync">
			<title>thenAccept / thenAcceptAsync</title>
			<para>thenAccept/thenAcceptAsync 的功能是，前置任务执行完毕之后，将返回值给到
				thenAccept/thenAcceptAsync，再执行接下来的任务。
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
    @GetMapping("/completableFutureAccept")
    public String completableFutureAccept() {
        CompletableFuture<String> supplyAsync = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - CompletableFuture 前置任务");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            return "前置任务执行完成";
        });
        CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept = supplyAsync.thenAccept((rev) -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenAccept 任务");
            log.info("前置任务返回值：" + rev);
        });
        CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync = supplyAsync.thenAcceptAsync((rev) -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenAcceptAsync 任务");
            log.info("前置任务返回值：" + rev);
        });
        return "Done";
    }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>输出结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
2023-05-10T10:38:48.008+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-1] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 - CompletableFuture 前置任务
2023-05-10T10:38:53.015+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 - 接着执行第二个 thenAcceptAsync 任务
2023-05-10T10:38:53.015+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-1] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 - 接着执行第二个 thenAccept 任务
2023-05-10T10:38:53.016+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : 前置任务返回值：前置任务执行完成
2023-05-10T10:38:53.016+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-1] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : 前置任务返回值：前置任务执行完成			
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section id="get">
			<title>获取结果</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Hello netkiller");
        if (completableFuture.isDone()) {
            System.out.println(completableFuture.get());
        }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>Spring Service 用法</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
@Service
public class MyService {

    @Async
    public CompletableFuture<String> asyncMethod() {
        // 异步方法逻辑...
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Result");
    }
}

// 调用异步方法并获取结果
CompletableFuture<String> future = myService.asyncMethod();
String result = future.get(); // 阻塞等待结果			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="Apply">
			<title>thenApply / thenApplyAsync</title>
			<para>thenApply/thenApplyAsync
				前置任务执行完毕之后，结果作为入参，thenApply/thenApplyAsync 执行完毕之后再返回执行结果
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
    @GetMapping("/completableFutureApply")
    public String completableFutureApply() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<String> supplyAsync = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - CompletableFuture 前置任务");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            return "第一步";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> thenApply = supplyAsync.thenApply((rev) -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenApply 任务");
            log.info("前置任务返回值：" + rev);
            return "第二步";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> thenApplyAsync = supplyAsync.thenApplyAsync((rev) -> {
            log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - 接着执行第二个 thenApplyAsync 任务");
            log.info("前置任务返回值：" + rev);
            return "第二步";
        });
        log.info("supplyAsync：{}", supplyAsync.get());
        log.info("thenApply：{}", thenApply.get());
        log.info("thenApplyAsync：{}", thenApplyAsync.get());
        return "Done";
    }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para></para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
2023-05-10T10:39:57.913+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 - CompletableFuture 前置任务
2023-05-10T10:40:02.917+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [  XNIO-1 task-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : XNIO-1 task-2 - 接着执行第二个 thenApply 任务
2023-05-10T10:40:02.917+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2 - 接着执行第二个 thenApplyAsync 任务
2023-05-10T10:40:02.918+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [  XNIO-1 task-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : 前置任务返回值：第一步
2023-05-10T10:40:02.918+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [onPool-worker-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : 前置任务返回值：第一步
2023-05-10T10:40:02.918+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [  XNIO-1 task-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : supplyAsync：第一步
2023-05-10T10:40:02.918+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [  XNIO-1 task-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : thenApply：第二步
2023-05-10T10:40:02.919+08:00  INFO 96282 --- [  XNIO-1 task-2] c.n.c.test.TestThreadController          : thenApplyAsync：第二步
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section id="runAsync / thenAccept / thenApply 区别">
			<title>runAsync / thenAccept / thenApply 区别</title>
			<para>runAsync 配合 thenRun/thenRunAsync 使用</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
runAsync --> thenRun/thenRunAsync 无返回值			
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>supplyAsync 配合 thenAccept/thenAcceptAsync 使用</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
supplyAsync -- 返回值 --> thenAccept/thenAcceptAsync --> 无返回值
			]]>
			</screen>
			<para>supplyAsync 配合 thenApply/thenApplyAsync 使用</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
supplyAsync -- 返回值 --> thenApply/thenApplyAsync -- 返回值 -->			
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section id="whenComplete">
			<title>whenComplete 任务完成时执行，并且返回结果和异常</title>
			<para>whenComplete 与 runAsync / thenAccept / thenApply 区别是能处理
				Throwable
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
    @GetMapping("/completableFutureWhenComplete")
    public String completableFutureWhenComplete() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("当前线程名称：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return "前置任务完成";
        }).whenComplete((result, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println("前置任务返回值：" + result);
        });
        System.out.println(completableFuture.get());
        return "Done";
    }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>运行结果</para>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
当前线程名称：ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
前置任务返回值：前置任务完成
前置任务完成			
			]]>
			</screen>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        future.whenCompleteAsync(new BiConsumer<String, Throwable>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(String s, Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("whenCompleteAsync: " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " : " + s);
                System.out.println("whenCompleteAsync: " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " : " + throwable.toString());
            }
        });			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="completeOnTimeout">
			<title>超时处理</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
		CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "hello";
        });

        future.completeOnTimeout("default timeout result", 3 * 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="thenCompose">
			<title>按顺序执行</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
@Service
public class MyService {

    @Async("threadPoolTaskExecutor")
    public CompletableFuture<String> asyncMethod1() {
        // 异步方法1逻辑...
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Result1");
    }

    @Async("threadPoolTaskExecutor")
    public CompletableFuture<String> asyncMethod2() {
        // 异步方法2逻辑...
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Result2");
    }
}

// 调用异步方法并处理结果顺序 
CompletableFuture<String> future1 = myService.asyncMethod1(); 
CompletableFuture<String> future2 = future1.thenCompose(result1 -> myService.asyncMethod2());

String finalResult = future2.get(); // 阻塞等待最终结果	
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>

		<section id="thenCombine">
			<title>thenCombine、thenAcceptBoth 和runAfterBoth</title>

			<para>thenCombine会将两个任务的执行结果作为所提供函数的参数，且该方法有返回值。</para>
			<para>thenAcceptBoth同样将两个任务的执行结果作为方法入参，但是无返回值。</para>
			<para>runAfterBoth没有入参，也没有返回值。注意两个任务中只要有一个执行异常，则将该异常信息作为指定任务的执行结果。
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
            return 1;
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
            return 2;
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.thenCombine(completableFuture2, (a, b) -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
            return a + b;
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}

 public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
            return 1;
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
            return 2;
        });
        
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.thenAcceptBoth(completableFuture2, (a, b) -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
            System.out.println(a + b);
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
            return 1;
        });

        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
            return 2;
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.runAfterBoth(completableFuture2, () -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="applyToEither">
			<title>applyToEither、acceptEither和runAfterEither</title>
			<para>这三个方法和上面一样也是将两个CompletableFuture组合起来处理，当有一个任务正常完成时，就会进行下阶段任务。
			</para>
			<para>applyToEither会将已经完成任务的执行结果作为所提供函数的参数，且该方法有返回值；</para>
			<para>acceptEither同样将已经完成任务的执行结果作为方法入参，但是无返回值；</para>
			<para>runAfterEither没有入参，也没有返回值。</para>
			<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "completableFuture1 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "completableFuture2 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.applyToEither(completableFuture2, (result) -> {
            System.out.println("接收到" + result);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
            return "completableFuture3 任务完成";
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "completableFuture1 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "completableFuture2 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.acceptEither(completableFuture2, (result) -> {
            System.out.println("接收到" + result);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture1 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("completableFuture1 任务完成");
            return "completableFuture1 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture2 do something....");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("completableFuture2 任务完成");
            return "completableFuture2 任务完成";
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture3 = completableFuture1.runAfterEither(completableFuture2, () -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " completableFuture3 do something....");
            System.out.println("completableFuture3 任务完成");
        });

        System.out.println("completableFuture3结果->" + completableFuture3.get());
}
				]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="allOf">
			<title>allOf / anyOf</title>
			<para>allOf：CompletableFuture是多个任务都执行完成后才会执行，只有有一个任务执行异常，则返回的CompletableFuture执行get方法时会抛出异常，如果都是正常执行，则get返回null。
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "AAA").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "BBB").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "CCC").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture.allOf(new CompletableFuture[]{future1, future2, future3}).join();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "AAA").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "BBB").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "CCC").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture.allOf(future1, future2, future3).join();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "AAA").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "BBB").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "CCC").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        List<CompletableFuture<String>> completableFutures = Stream.of(future1, future2, future3).toList();
        var completableFutureArray = completableFutures.toArray(CompletableFuture[]::new);
        CompletableFuture.allOf(completableFutureArray).join();
				]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>anyOf：CompletableFuture是多个任务只要有一个任务执行完成，则返回的CompletableFuture执行get方法时会抛出异常，如果都是正常执行，则get返回执行完成任务的结果。
			</para>

			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "AAA").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "BBB").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "CCC").whenComplete((value, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
        });

        CompletableFuture<Object> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.anyOf(future1, future2, future3);
        System.out.println(completableFuture.get());
        


        CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "AAA").thenApply((value) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
            return value;
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "BBB").thenApply((value) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
            return value;
        });
        CompletableFuture<String> future3 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "CCC").thenApply((value) -> {
            System.out.println(value);
            return value;
        });
        List<CompletableFuture<String>> completableFutures = Stream.of(future1, future2, future3).toList();
        var completableFutureArray = completableFutures.toArray(CompletableFuture[]::new);
        CompletableFuture.allOf(completableFutureArray).join();

        completableFutures.forEach(task -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(task.get());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });        
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

@Data
public class CompletableFutureExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CompletableFuture<Void> future1 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("Task 1 started");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Task 1 completed");
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> future2 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("Task 2 started");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Task 2 completed");
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> future3 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("Task 3 started");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("Task 3 completed");
        });

        CompletableFuture<Void> allFutures = CompletableFuture.allOf(future1, future2, future3);

        allFutures.thenRun(() -> {
            System.out.println("All tasks completed");
            // 在这里执行下一步操作
        });

        // 防止 JVM 在 CompletableFuture 执行完之前退出
        try {
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="CompletableFuture.Parallel">
			<title>并行执行 CompletableFuture</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());


        Parallel parallel = new Parallel();

        parallel.addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task1";
                })
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task2";
                })
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task3";
                })
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    return "finally";
                }).join();

        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futures = parallel.get();

        futures.stream().forEach(item -> {
            System.out.println(item.getNow("no result"));
        });

    }

    public static class Parallel<T> {

        private final List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures;

        Parallel() {
            this(10);
        }

        Parallel(int size) {
            futures = new ArrayList<>(size);
        }

        public Parallel addAsyncTask(Supplier<T> supplier) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier));
            return this;
        }

        public List<CompletableFuture<T>> get() {
            return futures;
        }

        public void join() {
            CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[]{})).join();
        }

        public void clear() {
            futures.clear();
        }
    }
}

			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="complete/completeExceptionally">
			<title>通知完成任务</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class Test {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                try {
                    while (true) {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                        System.out.println("supplyAsync: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                return "https://www.netkiller.cn";
            }
        });


        future.whenCompleteAsync(new BiConsumer<String, Throwable>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(String s, Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("whenCompleteAsync: " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " : " + s);
                System.out.println("whenCompleteAsync: " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " : " + throwable.toString());
            }
        });


        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    //异常退出。
                    future.completeExceptionally(e);
                }

                // CompletableFuture被通知线程任务完成。
                System.out.println("完成任务: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
                future.complete("任务完成");
            }
        }).start();

        System.out.println("任务返回:" + future.get());


    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>completeExceptionally 抛出异常，终止执行</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        CompletableFuture completableFuture = CompletableFuture.completedFuture("message").thenApplyAsync(String::toUpperCase, CompletableFuture.delayedExecutor(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
        completableFuture.completeExceptionally(new Exception("异常终止"));

        try {
            completableFuture.join();
            System.out.println(completableFuture.get());
        } catch (CompletionException ex) { // just for testing
            System.err.println("completed exceptionally: " + ex.getCause().getMessage());
        }			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="exceptionally">
			<title>异常处理</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            throw new RuntimeException("Neo!");
//            return "Neo";
        }).thenApply(i -> "Success: " + i);

        CompletableFuture<String> result = future.exceptionally(e -> {
            return e.toString();
        });

        System.out.println(result.get());

    }
}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
	public static CompletableFuture whenComplete(int a, int b){
        return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> a/b)
                .whenComplete((result, ex) -> {
                    if (null != ex) {
                        System.out.println("whenComplete error:\t"+ex.getMessage());
                    }
                });
    }

        try {
            System.out.println("success:\t"+whenComplete(6,3).get());
            System.out.println("exception:\t"+whenComplete(6,0).get());
        } catch (Exception exception){
            System.out.println("catch===="+exception.getMessage());
        }

输出结果：

success:    2
whenComplete error:    java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
catch====java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
public static CompletableFuture divide(int a, int b){
        return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> a/b)
                .handle((result, ex) -> {
                    if (null != ex) {
                        System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
                        return 0;
                    } else {
                        return result;
                    }
                });
    }

        try {
            System.out.println("success:\t"+divide(6,3).get());
            System.out.println("exception:\t"+divide(6,0).get());
        } catch (Exception exception){
            System.out.println("catch="+exception.getMessage());
        }

输出结果：
success:    2
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
exception:    0			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="CompletableFuturePipeline">
			<title>CompletableFuture 实现 Pipeline 流水线</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class CompletableFuturePipeline {

    private final Parallel parallel = new Parallel();

    public CompletableFuturePipeline() {

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

        CompletableFuturePipeline test = new CompletableFuturePipeline();
        test.begin().batch().run().end();
        test.parallel().supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": parallel1");
            return "parallel1";
        }).supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": parallel2");
            return "parallel2";
        }).join();


    }

    @SneakyThrows
    public CompletableFuturePipeline begin() {
        String method = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();

        parallel.runAsync(() -> {
            String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.printf("%s - %s\n", thread, method);
        });
        return this;
    }

    public CompletableFuturePipeline run() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        String method = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();
        parallel.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.printf("%s - %s\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), method);
            return "OK";
        });
        System.out.println(this.asyncMethod1().get());
        return this;
    }

    public CompletableFuturePipeline batch() {
        String method = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();
        Parallel batchs = this.parallel();

        batchs.runAsync(() -> {
                    String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    System.out.printf("%s - %s - task1\n", thread, method);
                })
                .runAsync(() -> {
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                    String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    System.out.printf("%s - %s - task2\n", thread, method);

                })
                .runAsync(() -> {
                    String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    System.out.printf("%s - %s - task3\n", thread, method);
                })
                .supplyAsync(() -> {
                    String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                    System.out.printf("%s - %s - finally\n", thread, method);
                    return "finally";
                }).join();
        System.out.println(batchs.futures.size());

        return this;
    }

    @SneakyThrows
    public CompletableFuturePipeline end() {
        String method = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();
        parallel.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.printf("%s - %s\n", Thread.currentThread().getName(), method);
            return "End";
        });

        parallel.join();

        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futures = parallel.get();

        futures.stream().forEach(item -> {
            System.out.println(item.getNow("no result"));
        });

        System.out.println(parallel.futures.size());
        return this;
    }

    public Parallel parallel() {
        return new Parallel();
    }

    public Parallel parallel(int size) {
        return new Parallel(size);
    }

    public CompletableFuture<String> asyncMethod1() {
//        Thread.currentThread().setName(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + this.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": asyncMethod1");
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Result1");
    }

    public static class Parallel<T> {

        private final List<CompletableFuture> futures;
//        private final List<CompletableFuture<Void>> voids = new ArrayList<>();

        Parallel() {
            this(10);
        }

        Parallel(int size) {
            futures = new ArrayList<>(size);
        }

        public Parallel runAsync(Runnable runnable) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.runAsync(runnable));
            return this;
        }

        public Parallel runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.runAsync(runnable, executor));
            return this;
        }

        public Parallel supplyAsync(Supplier<T> supplier) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier));
            return this;
        }

        public Parallel supplyAsync(Supplier<T> supplier, Executor executor) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier, executor));
            return this;
        }

        public List<CompletableFuture> get() {
            return futures;
        }

        public void join() {
            CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[]{})).join();
        }

        public void clear() {
            futures.clear();
        }
    }
}
			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>

	</section>
	<section id="ThreadPool">
		<title>java 线程池</title>
		<section id="Executors.newCachedThreadPool">
			<title>newCachedThreadPool</title>
			<para>newCachedThreadPool 线程池尺寸没有固定上线</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
	private void startTask(List<String> usersList){
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        executor.submit(()->{
			//do someting
        });
    }
			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="newFixedThreadPool">
			<title>固定线程池(newFixedThreadPool)</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test.grey;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class GreyTest {

	public GreyTest() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	static class MyThread implements Runnable {
		public void run() {
			System.out.println("Thread Name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 创建五个线程池
		int nThreads = 5;
		ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nThreads);
		// 创建实现了Runnable接口对象
		MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
		MyThread t2 = new MyThread();
		MyThread t3 = new MyThread();
		MyThread t4 = new MyThread();
		MyThread t5 = new MyThread();
		// 将线程放入池中进行执行
		pool.execute(t1);
		pool.execute(t2);
		pool.execute(t3);
		pool.execute(t4);
		pool.execute(t5);
		// 关闭线程池
		pool.shutdown();
	}

}
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>提交线程数大于线程池尺寸时会同步等待，然后复用已经处理完的空间线程。</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
        AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(1);
        int nThread = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nThread);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    System.out.println(count.getAndIncrement() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] " + System.currentTimeMillis());

                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<para>CompletableFuture 线程池</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);


        Parallel parallel = new Parallel();

        parallel.addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task1";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task2";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task3";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    return "finally";
                }, executor);
        parallel.join();
        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futures = parallel.get();

        futures.stream().forEach(item -> {
            System.out.println(item.getNow("no result"));
        });

        executor.shutdown();
    }

    public static class Parallel<T> {

        private final List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures;

        Parallel() {
            this(10);
        }

        Parallel(int size) {
            futures = new ArrayList<>(size);
        }

        public Parallel addAsyncTask(Supplier<T> supplier) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier));
            return this;
        }

        public Parallel addAsyncTask(Supplier<T> supplier, Executor executor) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier, executor));
            return this;
        }

        public List<CompletableFuture<T>> get() {
            return futures;
        }

        public void join() {
            CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[]{})).join();
        }

        public void clear() {
            futures.clear();
        }
    }
}


			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>

		<section id="newScheduledThreadPool">
			<title>Executors.newScheduledThreadPool</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[

@Configuration
public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
        //当然了，这里设置的线程池是corePoolSize也是很关键了，自己根据业务需求设定
        taskRegistrar.setScheduler(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10));
    }

}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);

service.schedule(new Task(), 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

service.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Task(), 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

service.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Task(), 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="SingleThreadExecutor">
			<title>SingleThreadExecutor</title>
			<para>可以理解为 SingleThreadExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
        AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(1);
        int nThread = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    System.out.println(count.getAndIncrement() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] " + System.currentTimeMillis());

                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="ExecutorService">
			<title>ExecutorService 正确关闭方法</title>
			<para>ExecutorService 功能包括，提交任务、执行任务、关闭线程池。</para>
			<para>首先通过 executor.shutdown(); 发送关闭信号，然后再通过
				executor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) 设置超时时间，超时抛出异常，最后通过
				executor.shutdownNow(); 强制关闭。
			</para>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);


        Parallel parallel = new Parallel();

        parallel.addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task1";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task2";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    return "task3";
                }, executor)
                .addAsyncTask(() -> {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    return "finally";
                }, executor);
        parallel.join();
        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futures = parallel.get();

        futures.stream().forEach(item -> {
            System.out.println(item.getNow("no result"));
        });

        executor.shutdown();

        try {
            executor.shutdown();
            if (!executor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                // 超时的时候向线程池中所有的线程发出中断(interrupted)。
                executor.shutdownNow();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // awaitTermination方法被中断的时候也中止线程池中全部的线程的执行。
            System.out.println("awaitTermination interrupted: " + e);
            executor.shutdownNow();
        }
    }

    public static class Parallel<T> {

        private final List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures;

        Parallel() {
            this(10);
        }

        Parallel(int size) {
            futures = new ArrayList<>(size);
        }

        public Parallel addAsyncTask(Supplier<T> supplier) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier));
            return this;
        }

        public Parallel addAsyncTask(Supplier<T> supplier, Executor executor) {
            futures.add(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(supplier, executor));
            return this;
        }

        public List<CompletableFuture<T>> get() {
            return futures;
        }

        public void join() {
            CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[]{})).join();
        }

        public void clear() {
            futures.clear();
        }
    }
}

			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="ForkJoinPool">
			<title>ForkJoinPool / ForkJoinTask</title>
		</section>
	</section>
	<section id="Flow">
		<title>Flow</title>
		<section>
			<title>自定义 Publisher / Subscriber</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.Flow;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        IntPublisher intPublisher = new IntPublisher();
        IntSubscriber intSubscriber = new IntSubscriber();
        intPublisher.subscribe(intSubscriber);
    }

    public static class IntPublisher implements Flow.Publisher<Integer> {

        @Override
        public void subscribe(Flow.Subscriber<? super Integer> subscriber) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
                System.out.println("Publishing = " + i);
                // 将数据发给订阅者
                subscriber.onNext(i);
            }
            // 发出完成信号
            subscriber.onComplete();
        }
    }

    public static class IntSubscriber implements Flow.Subscriber<Integer> {
        private Flow.Subscription subscription;

        @Override
        public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
            System.out.println("onSubscribe");
        }

        @Override
        public void onNext(Integer item) {
            System.out.println("onNext: " + item);
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
            System.out.println("onError：" + throwable);
        }

        @Override
        public void onComplete() {
            System.out.println("onComplete");
        }
    }
}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section id="SubmissionPublisher">
			<title>SubmissionPublisher</title>
			<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.Flow;
import java.util.concurrent.SubmissionPublisher;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class SubmissionPublisherTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

        // 1. 定义 String 类型的数据发布者，SubmissionPublisher 实现了 Publisher
        SubmissionPublisher<String> publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<>();

        // 2. 创建一个订阅者，用于接收发布者的消息
        Flow.Subscriber<String> subscriber = new Flow.Subscriber<>() {
            private Flow.Subscription subscription;

            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
                this.subscription = subscription;
                System.out.println("onSubscribe");
                this.subscription.request(1);
            }

            @Override
            public void onNext(String item) {
                System.out.println("onNext: " + item);
                this.subscription.request(1);
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("Throwable: " + throwable.getMessage());
                this.subscription.cancel();
            }

            @Override
            public void onComplete() {
                System.out.println("onComplete");
            }
        };

        // 3. 发布者和订阅者需要建立关系
        publisher.subscribe(subscriber);
        publisher.submit("https://www.netkiller.cn");

        // 4. 发布者开始发布数据
        IntStream.range(0, 11).mapToObj(i -> "publisher -----> message " + i).peek(message -> publisher.submit(message)).forEach(System.out::println);

        // 5. 发布结束后，关闭发布者
        publisher.close();

        // main线程延迟关闭，不然订阅者还没接收完消息，线程就被关闭了
        Thread.currentThread().join(1000);
    }

}
		]]>
			</programlisting>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
main
onSubscribe
onNext: https://www.netkiller.cn
publisher -----> message 0
publisher -----> message 1
publisher -----> message 2
publisher -----> message 3
publisher -----> message 4
onNext: publisher -----> message 0
onNext: publisher -----> message 1
onNext: publisher -----> message 2
onNext: publisher -----> message 3
onNext: publisher -----> message 4
onNext: publisher -----> message 5
publisher -----> message 5
publisher -----> message 6
publisher -----> message 7
publisher -----> message 8
publisher -----> message 9
publisher -----> message 10
onNext: publisher -----> message 6
onNext: publisher -----> message 7
onNext: publisher -----> message 8
onNext: publisher -----> message 9
onNext: publisher -----> message 10
onComplete			
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section id="Flow.Processor">
			<title>Flow.Processor</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;


import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.Flow;
import java.util.concurrent.SubmissionPublisher;

public class Test {
    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        try (final var publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<String>()) {

            final var processor = new UpperCaseProcessor();
            publisher.subscribe(processor);

            processor.subscribe(new Flow.Subscriber<String>() {
                      private Flow.Subscription subscription;

                      @Override
                      public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
                          this.subscription = subscription;
                          System.out.println("Subscriber.onSubscribe");
                          subscription.request(1);
                      }

                      @Override
                      public void onNext(String item) {
                          System.out.println("Subscriber.onNext: " + item);
                          this.subscription.request(1);
                      }

                      @Override
                      public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
                          System.out.println("Subscriber.onError: " + throwable);
                      }

                      @Override
                      public void onComplete() {
                          System.out.println("Subscriber.onComplete");
                      }
                  }
            );

            publisher.submit("abc");
            publisher.submit("xyz");
            publisher.submit("neo");
            publisher.submit("netkiller");
        }
        Thread.currentThread().join(1000);
    }


    static class UpperCaseProcessor extends SubmissionPublisher<String> implements Flow.Processor<String, String> {

        private Flow.Subscription subscription;

        @Override
        public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
            this.subscription = subscription;
            System.out.println("Processor.onSubscribe");
            subscription.request(1);
        }

        @Override
        public void onNext(String item) {
            System.out.println("Processor.onNext: " + item);
            submit(item.toUpperCase());
            this.subscription.request(1);
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
            System.out.println("Processor.onError: " + throwable.getMessage());
            closeExceptionally(throwable);
        }

        @Override
        public void onComplete() {
            System.out.println("Processor.onComplete");
            close();
        }
    }
}
			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
			<screen>
			<![CDATA[
Processor.onSubscribe
Subscriber.onSubscribe
Processor.onNext: abc
Processor.onNext: xyz
Processor.onNext: neo
Processor.onNext: netkiller
Processor.onComplete
Subscriber.onNext: ABC
Subscriber.onNext: XYZ
Subscriber.onNext: NEO
Subscriber.onNext: NETKILLER
Subscriber.onComplete			
			]]>
			</screen>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>订单</title>
			<section>
				<title>方案一 CountDownLatch</title>

				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Flow;
import java.util.concurrent.SubmissionPublisher;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class Test {


    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SubmissionPublisher<String> publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<>();
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        Flow.Subscriber<String> subscriber = new Flow.Subscriber<String>() {
            private final long request = 5;
            private Flow.Subscription subscription;

            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
                this.subscription = subscription;
                System.out.println("订阅成功，请求 1 个数据");
                subscription.request(request); // 请求第一个数据
            }

            // ... 其他方法保持不变
            @Override
            public void onNext(String item) {
                System.out.println("接收到数据: " + item);
//                latch.countDown(); // 每个数据处理完成后减1
                subscription.request(request);
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
                System.err.println("处理失败: " + throwable.getMessage());
                throw new RuntimeException(throwable);
            }

            @Override
            public void onComplete() {
                System.out.println("数据流处理完成");
                countDownLatch.countDown(); // 确保onComplete也能触发
            }

        };

        publisher.subscribe(subscriber);
        IntStream.range(1, 100).forEach(n -> {
            publisher.submit("数据 " + n);
        });
        publisher.close();
        countDownLatch.await(); // 等待所有数据处理完成
    }

}		
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
			<section>
				<title>方案一 CompletableFuture</title>

				<programlisting>
				<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import lombok.SneakyThrows;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.Flow;
import java.util.concurrent.SubmissionPublisher;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class Test {


    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SubmissionPublisher<String> publisher = new SubmissionPublisher<>();
//        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();

        Flow.Subscriber<String> subscriber = new Flow.Subscriber<String>() {
            private final long request = 5;
            private Flow.Subscription subscription;

            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(Flow.Subscription subscription) {
                this.subscription = subscription;
                System.out.println("订阅成功，请求 1 个数据");
                subscription.request(request); // 请求第一个数据
            }

            // ... 其他方法保持不变
            @Override
            public void onNext(String item) {
                System.out.println("接收到数据: " + item);
//                latch.countDown(); // 每个数据处理完成后减1
                subscription.request(request);
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
                System.err.println("处理失败: " + throwable.getMessage());
                completableFuture.completeExceptionally(throwable); // 标记异常
            }

            @Override
            public void onComplete() {
                System.out.println("数据流处理完成");
                completableFuture.complete(null); // 标记处理完成
            }

        };

        publisher.subscribe(subscriber);
        IntStream.range(1, 100).forEach(n -> {
            publisher.submit("数据 " + n);
        });
        publisher.close();
        completableFuture.join(); // 等待所有数据处理完成
    }

}
				]]>
				</programlisting>
			</section>
		</section>
	</section>

	<section id="VirtualThreads">
		<title>Java 虚拟线程（协程）</title>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.thread;

import static java.lang.Thread.*;

public class VirtualThreadsTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        var virtualThread = startVirtualThread(() -> System.out.println("Hello from the virtual thread"));
        virtualThread.join();
    }
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<para>运行演示</para>
		<screen>
		<![CDATA[
neo@MacBook-Pro-M2 thread % java --source 20 --enable-preview VirtualThreadsTest.java
注: VirtualThreadsTest.java 使用 Java SE 20 的预览功能。
注: 有关详细信息，请使用 -Xlint:preview 重新编译。
Hello from the virtual thread
		]]>
		</screen>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try (var executor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()) {
            IntStream.range(0, 10000).forEach(i -> {
                executor.submit(() -> {
                    Thread.sleep(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
                    return i;
                });
            });
        }
    }
}
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class VirtualThreadExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();

        executor.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName())
        });

        executor.shutdown();
    }
}		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
Thread.ofVirtual().start(Runnable);
Thread.ofVirtual().unstarted(Runnable);		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<programlisting>
		<![CDATA[
Thread.ofVirtual().start(Runnable);
Thread.ofVirtual().unstarted(Runnable);		
		]]>
		</programlisting>
		<section>
			<title>与 Future 配合使用</title>

			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
try (var executor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()) {
    Future<User> user = executor.submit(() -> userService.getUser(id));
    Future<Order> order = executor.submit(() -> orderService.getOrder(id));

    return new Result(user.get(), order.get());
}		
		 	]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
		<section>
			<title>虚拟线程并发控制</title>
			<programlisting>
			<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.test;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class Test {
    static void main(String[] args) {

        // 1. 创建虚拟线程执行器
        ExecutorService virtualThreadExecutor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();

        // 2. 设置并发上限（比如限制同时执行 10 个任务）
        Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(10);

        // 3. 提交任务时通过信号量管控并发
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            int taskId = i;
            try {
	            // 获取许可：若已达10个并发，此处阻塞
                semaphore.acquire();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            virtualThreadExecutor.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    // 业务逻辑：执行具体任务
                    System.out.println("执行任务 " + taskId + "，虚拟线程：" + Thread.currentThread());
                    Thread.sleep(5000); // 模拟任务耗时
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                } finally {
                    // 释放许可：任务完成后归还，允许新任务执行
                    semaphore.release();
                }
            });
        }

        // 4. 关闭执行器（按需）
        virtualThreadExecutor.shutdown();

    }

}			
			]]>
			</programlisting>
		</section>
	</section>
</chapter>