diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/SparkFiles.scala b/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/SparkFiles.scala
index f4165c2fc6f28..e9f5d6aa78445 100644
--- a/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/SparkFiles.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/SparkFiles.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package org.apache.spark
 
 import java.io.File
 
+import org.apache.spark.util.Utils
+
 /**
  * Resolves paths to files added through `SparkContext.addFile()`.
  */
@@ -31,7 +33,20 @@ object SparkFiles {
     val jobArtifactUUID = JobArtifactSet
       .getCurrentJobArtifactState.map(_.uuid).getOrElse("default")
     val withUuid = if (jobArtifactUUID == "default") filename else s"$jobArtifactUUID/$filename"
-    new File(getRootDirectory(), withUuid).getAbsolutePath
+    val file = new File(getRootDirectory(), withUuid)
+    // In local mode, `SparkContext.addFile` places files directly under the root directory
+    // rather than under the job-specific artifact directory used by session isolation. Fall back
+    // to the root directory when the file is not found under the job-specific directory so that
+    // files added through `SparkContext.addFile` remain resolvable. This is scoped to local mode
+    // to preserve session isolation semantics on real executors. See SPARK-53478.
+    if (jobArtifactUUID != "default" && !file.exists() &&
+        Utils.isLocalMaster(SparkEnv.get.conf)) {
+      val fallbackFile = new File(getRootDirectory(), filename)
+      if (fallbackFile.exists()) {
+        return fallbackFile.getAbsolutePath
+      }
+    }
+    file.getAbsolutePath
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/api/python/PythonRunner.scala b/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/api/python/PythonRunner.scala
index 896ab6e3b19df..cf2b36603907a 100644
--- a/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/api/python/PythonRunner.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/api/python/PythonRunner.scala
@@ -328,6 +328,9 @@ private[spark] abstract class BasePythonRunner[IN, OUT](
     envVars.put("PYTHON_UDF_BATCH_SIZE", batchSizeForPythonUDF.toString)
 
     envVars.put("SPARK_JOB_ARTIFACT_UUID", jobArtifactUUID.getOrElse("default"))
+    // Lets the worker scope the `SparkFiles.get` local-mode fallback to local mode only,
+    // mirroring `org.apache.spark.SparkFiles.get`. See SPARK-53478.
+    envVars.put("SPARK_LOCAL_MODE", Utils.isLocalMaster(conf).toString)
     envVars.put("SPARK_PYTHON_RUNTIME", "PYTHON_WORKER")
 
     val (worker: PythonWorker, handle: Option[ProcessHandle]) = env.createPythonWorker(
diff --git a/python/pyspark/core/files.py b/python/pyspark/core/files.py
index aec67a0fe31c2..4479bc8653b4d 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/core/files.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/core/files.py
@@ -110,6 +110,23 @@ def get(cls, filename: str) -> str:
         {'.../test.py'}
         """
         path = os.path.join(SparkFiles.getRootDirectory(), filename)
+        # In local mode, `SparkContext.addFile` places files directly under the root directory
+        # rather than under the job-specific artifact directory used by session isolation. When a
+        # non-default job artifact UUID is active, the worker root directory is the job-specific
+        # directory, so fall back to its parent (the actual root directory) so that files added
+        # through `SparkContext.addFile` remain resolvable. This is scoped to local mode and a
+        # non-default UUID to preserve session isolation semantics on real executors. See
+        # SPARK-53478.
+        if (
+            cls._is_running_on_worker
+            and not os.path.exists(path)
+            and os.environ.get("SPARK_LOCAL_MODE", "false") == "true"
+            and os.environ.get("SPARK_JOB_ARTIFACT_UUID", "default") != "default"
+        ):
+            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(SparkFiles.getRootDirectory())
+            parent_path = os.path.join(parent_dir, filename)
+            if os.path.exists(parent_path):
+                return os.path.abspath(parent_path)
         return os.path.abspath(path)
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_artifact.py b/python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_artifact.py
index 7351762dadcac..c28e81c736214 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_artifact.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_artifact.py
@@ -75,6 +75,29 @@ def test_add_file(self):
         # file from different session.
         self.check_add_file(self.spark.newSession())
 
+    def test_spark_files_get_with_sc_add_file(self):
+        # SPARK-53478: SparkFiles.get should resolve files added through
+        # SparkContext.addFile in local mode, even when a session-specific
+        # artifact directory is active.
+        from pyspark.core.files import SparkFiles
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="test_spark_files_get_with_sc_add_file") as d:
+            file_path = os.path.join(d, "my_sc_file.txt")
+            with open(file_path, "w") as f:
+                f.write("Hello from SparkContext.addFile")
+
+            self.spark.sparkContext.addFile(file_path)
+
+            @udf("string")
+            def func(x):
+                with open(SparkFiles.get("my_sc_file.txt"), "r") as my_file:
+                    return my_file.read().strip()
+
+            session = self.spark.newSession()
+            session.range(1).select(
+                assert_true(func("id") == lit("Hello from SparkContext.addFile"))
+            ).show()
+
     def test_add_archive(self):
         self.check_add_archive(self.spark)
 
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/artifact/ArtifactManagerSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/artifact/ArtifactManagerSuite.scala
index a1678335b7755..668b1449ec564 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/artifact/ArtifactManagerSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/artifact/ArtifactManagerSuite.scala
@@ -682,6 +682,25 @@ class ArtifactManagerSuite extends SharedSparkSession {
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-53478: SparkFiles.get resolves files added via SparkContext.addFile " +
+    "in local mode") {
+    withTempDir { dir =>
+      val file = new File(dir, "test_file.txt")
+      Files.writeString(file.toPath, "Hello from SparkContext.addFile",
+        StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+      spark.sparkContext.addFile(file.getAbsolutePath)
+
+      val s = spark
+      import s.implicits._
+      val result = Seq(1).toDF("value").map { _ =>
+        val path = org.apache.spark.SparkFiles.get("test_file.txt")
+        Files.readString(new File(path).toPath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+      }.collect()
+
+      assert(result.head === "Hello from SparkContext.addFile")
+    }
+  }
+
   private def getCodegenCount: Long = CodegenMetrics.METRIC_COMPILATION_TIME.getCount
 
   private def runCodegenTest(msg: String)(addOneArtifact: => Unit): Unit = {